Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Mathematics Practice Exam

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Which term describes the actual outcomes used instead of possible outcomes in probability?

  1. Objective probability

  2. Theoretical probability

  3. Empirical probability

  4. Subjective probability

The correct answer is: Empirical probability

The term that describes the actual outcomes used instead of possible outcomes in probability is empirical probability. This concept focuses on the probability derived from observed data rather than mathematical models or theoretical assumptions. It uses real-world experiments or historical data to calculate the likelihood of an event occurring. For instance, if an experiment, such as flipping a coin, is conducted multiple times, the empirical probability of landing heads can be calculated based on the actual number of heads observed in relation to the total number of flips. This contrasts with theoretical probability, which would predict the likelihood as 50% simply from the nature of a fair coin. Empirical probability is particularly valuable in applications where data collection over time can provide a more accurate representation of probability than theoretical models, especially in complex or variable environments.

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