Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Mathematics Practice Exam

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What is deductive reasoning primarily concerned with?

Making conjectures based on past data
Establishing truths through logical conclusions
Identifying patterns in data sets
Estimating probabilities

The correct answer is: Establishing truths through logical conclusions

Deductive reasoning is primarily focused on establishing truths through logical conclusions. It involves starting with general principles or premises and applying them to specific cases to derive valid conclusions. This process is based on the idea that if the initial premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true, assuming the reasoning itself is sound. For instance, if we have a general statement such as "All humans are mortal" and a specific case where "Socrates is a human," deductive reasoning allows us to conclude that "Socrates is mortal." This logical structure is essential in mathematics and formal logic, where proofs and statements rely on well-established axioms and previously validated theories to reach new truths.