Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Mathematics Practice Exam

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What do percentiles tell you about a data set?

What percentage of data fall above a specific point
What percentage of data fall below a specific point
The total count of data points
The average value of the data set

The correct answer is: What percentage of data fall below a specific point

Percentiles are a statistical measure that indicate the relative standing of a value within a data set. Specifically, a percentile tells you the percentage of data points that fall below a specific value. For example, if a score is at the 75th percentile, this means that 75% of the data points are below this score, while 25% are above it. This measure is useful for understanding the distribution of data and identifying where a particular score or value stands in relation to the entire data set. In contrast, the other options address different aspects of data analysis. One option describes the percentage of data above a specific point, which is not what percentiles represent. Another option mentions the total count of data points, which is a measure of size but does not provide insight into the distribution or ranking of values. Lastly, calculating the average value represents a measure of central tendency but does not convey how individual values compare within the context of the entire data set.